TRANSFORMASI GENETIK IN PLANTA: METODE CEPAT MEMPEROLEH PRODUK REKAYASA GENETIKA
Keywords:
Agrobacterium, floral dip, in planta, transformasi, transgenikAbstract
Transformasi genetik merupakan teknik menyisipkan gen asing ke dalam genom tanaman target untuk memperoleh tanaman bersifat unggul dan sesuai yang diinginkan. Metode transformasi genetik secara tidak langsung yang dimediasi Agrobacterium tumefaciens secara in vitro membutuhkan waktu lama, biaya mahal, dan perolehan tanaman transforman sedikit. Untuk mengatasai hal tersebut dapat menggunakan metode in planta. Berbagai metode transformasi genetik secara in planta hingga kini terus dikembangkan. Akan tetapi, metode yang lebih efisien digunakan untuk percepatan perolehan produk rekayasa genetika belum banyak dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi terkait metode transformasi genetik secara in planta yang efisien dan cepat serta faktor yang mempengaruhi efisiensi transformasi. Artikel review ini ditulis menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan data dari artikel, jurnal, dan informasi di internet yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil diperoleh bahwa metode in planta memiliki keunggulan antara lain lebih simpel, tidak membutuhkan keahlian khusus dan waktu yang dibutuhkan lebih cepat untuk menghasilkan tanaman transforman dibanding in vitro. Metode transgenik in planta paling simpel yaitu floral dip dengan tingkat efisiensi tinggi. Selain itu, metode lainnya yaitu perendaman, vakum infiltrasi, dan injeksi. Keberhasilan transformasi didukung oleh tingkat perkembangan organ target, penambahan sukrosa dan surfaktan serta tingkat kerapatan bakteri. Deteksi tanaman transforman menggunakan seleksi tanaman tahan antibiotik, deteksi molekuler menggunakan metode PCR dan uji ekspresi gen.
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