Behavioral Response and Optimal Water Debit Requirement of Jatimbulan Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fry at Prijetan Reservoir, Indonesia
Keywords:
Completely randomized design, Jatimbulan, Nile tilapia fry, rheotaxis, water debit optimizationAbstract
Water debit fluctuation is a critical environmental factor in aquaculture, yet quantitative studies on optimal flow rates for Jatimbulan Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry remain limited. This study aimed to determine the optimal water debit for growth and survival of Jatimbulan fry and quantify behavioral responses under different debit treatments. A completely randomized design (CRD) with four debit treatments (Q1=10 L/s, Q2=15 L/s, Q3=20 L/s, Q4=25 L/s) and three replications was conducted over 60 days at the Fish Seed Center Kedungpring, Lamongan, which receives water from Prijetan Reservoir. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD (α=0.05). The Q3 treatment (20 L/s) produced the highest SGR (4.21±0.15 %/day) and SR (96.3±2.1%), significantly different from Q1 and Q4 (p<0.05). Behavioral analysis showed that fry exhibited strong positive rheotaxis (85.3±4.2%) only at Q3; at Q4 (25 L/s), 68% of fish moved to stagnant zones indicating avoidance behavior. A quadratic regression model (R²=0.94) predicted the optimal debit at 19.8 L/s. This study concludes that the optimal water debit for Jatimbulan fry rearing is 20 L/s, and deviations above or below this threshold significantly reduce growth and induce maladaptive stress behaviors.
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