Proceeding of International Conference in Education, Science and Technology
International Conference in Education, Science and Technology (ICONEST) 2021 is committed to facilitate the researchers, educators and students to promote acceleration of scientific, technological innovation and the utilization of technology in assisting pedagogical process. This is annual international conference which is done for the first and will be continue for next year. This conference emphasize more on the empowerment of global society in the area of education, science and technology. That will be held on March 19th-20th, 2021 at Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban. Based on the general Theme of ICONEST 2021 we invites experts, government, industry, organizations, professors, researchers, scholars, teachers, students, and or other key stakeholders to disseminate and present the current findings, innovations, trends, concerns, practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted in emerging science, education, and technology.
Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban, Indonesia
The Utilization of Canva AI To Create In-Depth Interactive Assessments in Grade 7 Science Learning at SMPN 3 Kertosono
This study aims to analyze the assessment pro cess that involves two-way interactions between students and the use of interactive Canva AI to measure their understanding. The research involved 28 junior high school students who participated in interactive assessments. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, using a single class as the sample. Data were collected through an interactive assessment questionnaire. The data analysis technique consisted of qualitative procedures, including data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that students demonstrate better comprehension of the material and the intent of the questions when the assessment includes images or animations relevant to the items. Students with lower reading fluency also found it easier to understand questions when visual supports were provided. Thus, the integration of AI—particularly Canva AI—in designing interactive assessments is highly beneficial for both teachers and students. Challenges encountered include students’ limited internet data packages and mobile devices with insufficient RAM to complete interactive assessments in the Canva AI application. This study recommends teacher training in developing assessments using Canva AI to support students’ comprehension of assessment items. The study also encourages teachers to explore additional AI models to broaden digital literacy among both teachers and students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Proceeding of International Conference in Education, Science and Technology
Implementation of Gemini AI in Practical Learning of Bacteria Material
This research aims to determine the implementation of Gemini AI in practical learning of Biology material, specifically bacteria, and the response of students to its application. The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including Gemini AI developed by Google Deepmind, offers opportunities for a more effective learning environment, one of which is through the real-time analysis feature. The implementation of AI in the analysis of practical results, which was previously less integrated and often time-consuming, is expected to help students analyze practical results quickly and accurately. This descriptive qualitative research used a population of class X E4 students (36 participants) at SMAN 1 Taman Sidoarjo, with a purposive sampling technique. Primary data collection was carried out using a Google Form questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The results showed an overall positive response from students, where the majority felt helped, faster, and more practical using Gemini AI to analyze practical results compared to conventional methods. The information presented was judged to be complete and structured, and capable of increasing concept understanding.
Interactive Cell Model Creation: Exploring High School Students’ Engagement in Understanding Cell Concepts through Scratch Coding-Based Project-Based Learning (PBL)
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing Project-Based Learning (PBL) with Scratch Coding in increasing high school students’ interest and skills regarding the biological concept of the cell. The descriptive qualitative method was used with subjects from Grade XI at SMA Negeri 1 Bancar. Data were collected through interest questionnaires (pre- and post-intervention), observations, interviews, and coding product assessments. The results indicate a significant increase in learning interest, exceeding 20% across all indicators-anthusiasm, motivation, and perceived difficulty. Gamification elements in Scratch contributed to this improvement, allowing students to engage more deeply with interactive cell model creation. Students demonstrated the ability to integrate conceptual understanding with computational thinking skills, reflected in high product rubric scores. This research recommends PBL Scratch Coding as an innovative and effective approach for learning cell biology through creative and game-based experiences.
The Implementation of Google Classroom in Enhancing Biology Learning Outcomes of Grade XII MIPA Students at SMA Negeri 3 Lambandia
Current technology is developing rapidly, so all sectors require technology, and the education sector is no exception. Educational Technology is always used for the welfare and convenience of humans. Learning today is more directed towards modernization activities with the help of modern technology and is believed to help students digest learning interactively, productively, effectively, inspiratively, constructively, and enjoyably. This online Google Classroom assists teachers in creating class groups, setting assignment submission times, assessing assignments, and determining final grades. The aim of this research is to determine the use of Google Classroom learning in improving the biology learning outcomes of Grade XII students at SMA Negeri 3 Lambandia. This research uses Classroom Action Research as a type of qualitative research because its purpose is to gain an in-depth understanding of a particular case or phenomenon in its unique context. The results of the study show an increase in student learning outcomes in the Grade XII Science (MIPA) Biology subject, as indicated by the increase in the average score of students, which was 81.46 before the use of Google Classroom and increased to an average of 86.25 after using Google Classroom. Google Classroom has proven to be a useful tool for improving the quality of learning and overcoming students' learning deficiencies.
Development of a Ureolytic Bacterial Consortium for Beach Sand Stabilization Using Bio-Grout Technology: A Preliminary Laboratory-Scale Study
Coastal abrasion poses a serious threat to the coastal regions of Indonesia. Conventional soil stabilization methods using Portland cement have high carbon footprints and can disrupt aquatic ecosystems. Bio-grout technology based on Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) offers a green alternative by utilizing the activity of calcium-carbonate-precipitating bacteria. This study aimed to develop a consortium of ureolytic bacteria and determine the optimal application protocol for beach sand stabilization at the laboratory scale. Experiments were conducted using Tambakboyo beach sand (grain size 0.1–0.5 mm) with variations in bacterial density (10⁵, 10⁷, 10⁹ cells/mL) and number of treatment cycles (1, 3, 5 cycles). The measured parameters included Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), CaCO₃ precipitation percentage, permeability, and simulated erosion resistance. The results showed that the optimal condition—bacterial density of 10⁷ cells/mL with 3 treatment cycles—produced a UCS of 2.1 MPa, CaCO₃ precipitation of 5.1% by weight, and mass loss of <3% after simulated water flow at 0.5 m/s. The control treatment without bacteria (chemical injection) yielded only ~0.1 MPa UCS and <0.5% CaCO₃ precipitation, confirming the crucial role of bacteria as biological catalysts. Excessive bacterial density (10⁹ cells/mL) led to premature pore clogging and a drastic reduction in permeability. This study concludes that a ureolytic bacterial consortium at a density of 10⁷ cells/mL with 3 injection cycles represents the most effective and efficient condition for forming a natural bio-cement capable of mitigating coastal abrasion. Further research is required to assess scalability, the ecotoxicological impacts of ammonium byproducts, and long-term field stability.
Characterizing the Baseline Catch Composition on the North Coast of East Java: A Case Study of Demersal Seine Nets in Tuban District
Fisheries Management Area of the Republic of Indonesia (FMA-RI) 712, which encompasses the Java Sea and surrounding waters, is one of the most productive marine regions in the country, contributing significantly to national fisheries production. However, increasing exploitation pressure, particularly from medium-scale fisheries, demands focused attention on catch composition and its implications for resource sustainability. This study aims to identify and analyze the catch composition from demersal seine-net fishing activities along the northern coastal waters of Tuban District, East Java (part of FMA 712). Data were collected from January to April 2025 as a baseline to understand the structure of the fishery catch. Quantitative catch composition analysis reveals the influence of seasonal patterns and fishing depth on species variation, while qualitative data from observations and interviews explain how fishermen's adaptive practices influence catches. The catch was dominated by demersal fish (90,57%) and pelagic species (9,43%), reflecting a shift from previously recorded proportions. The dominant demersal species were Priacanthus tayenus, Nemipterus virgatus, and Upeneus sundaicus, while the dominant pelagic species were Scolopsis taenioptera, Sphyraena obtusata, and Atropus atropos. Field observations indicated that decision-making in fishing operations remains heavily reliant on local experience, with limited access to scientific information and technical regulations. This study provides an initial overview of the demersal fishery's ecological status in the study area and underscores the importance of ecosystem-based management and locally informed policies to ensure the sustainability of marine living resources in FMA-712.
Social Capital of Coastal Communities in the Development of Panduri Beach, Jenu District, Tuban Regency
Indonesia has many tourist destinations spread from Sabang to Merauke, especially natural attractions along the coastline. Tuban Regency, East Java Province, is geographically located in the coastal area located in the north of Java Island with a marine resource area of ​​​​9,481.52 km, a coastline of 65 km. Along the coastline, many tourist attractions offer beauty, one of which is Panduri Beach. The purpose of this study is to determine the social capital to support the development of tourist attractions owned by the community can influence their participation in tourism development. The benefits of this research are to increase cooperation with the government and related agencies in developing the area, collecting information related to social capital around the Panduri Beach tourist area. Social capital is capital owned by humans referring to cooperative behavior in organizations with social networks, norms, social trust that can bridge the creation of profitable cooperation to encourage increased economic welfare of the community. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. Qualitative methodology aims to understand a phenomenon in a natural social context by prioritizing the process of in-depth communication interaction between researchers and the phenomenon being studied. Judging from the respondents' good answers and agreement on the questionnaire variables given, it can be concluded that good quality in utilizing social capital. The results of the study show that the value of trust in the development of Panduri Beach tourism gets a value of 77.5% (very good), the value of social networks towards the development of Panduri Beach tourism is 75% (Good), and the value of social norms towards the development of Panduri Beach tourism is 85% (Very Good).
Identification of Fish Catches on Purse Seine Fishing Gear Landed at the Bulu Beach Port UPT, Tuban Regency
Activities occurring at the fishing port are part of the port's function. The output of this process is the identification of the catch, including its types. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of fish caught using purse seine fishing gear landed at the Bulu Beach Port Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) in Tuban Regency. Data collection in this study was collected through the observation method, namely by directly observing the fish surveillance process at the Bulu Beach Port UPT, which was intended to obtain research data. The catch landed by the Purse Seine ship was obtained 8 types of fish. namely the average type of tuna has a length of 30 cm and a weight of 330 grams, mackerel average length of 15.3 cm and a weight of 38 grams, squid average length of 15.3 cm and a weight of 48 grams, mackerel average length of 35 cm and a weight of 457 grams, Tembang average length of 25 cm and a weight of 55 grams. The average length of green scad fish is 27 cm and a weight of 83 grams, the average length of black pomfret is 15 cm and a weight of 38 grams, the length of parang-parang fish is 10 cm and a weight of 25 grams.
Customer Satisfaction in The Digital Era Study on The Influence of Product Quality, Online Promotion, and Service Quality ast Muda Mudi Coffee Shop Tuban
This research is about Customer Satisfaction in the Digital Era. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of Product Quality, Online Promotion, and Service Quality on consumer satisfaction both partially and simultaneously. The ex post facto method is used in this research. The data collection technique used closed questionnaires distributed via Google Forms. The population of this study consists of consumers/customers who visit Toko Kopi Muda-Mudi Tuban. The research sample of 100 respondents was taken using the accidental sampling method. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The research results show that Product Quality, Online Promotion, and Service Quality have an impact on consumer satisfaction both partially and simultaneously.
Prediction of Plastic (Urban Waste) Distribution Along Coast in Tuban District Based on Geographical Information System
Beach waste such as plastic in the waters north of Java comes from consigned waste collected from various downstream parts of the river and flows into the sea from time to time. effect of human interaction and community activities on coastal environment is a major problem in coastal area management. This research aims to create a simulation model of movement of plastic/urban waste in Tuban Regency during four seasonal winds and determine prediction results at research points using oceanographic parameters such as direction and speed of sea breeze. One of movement factors is direction and speed of sea breeze. Using data on direction and speed of sea winds off coast of Tuban for 2018 - 2020 with quarterly data processing (quarters of a month). Research results obtained from this research are prediction data for 2021 -2025 in form of data on direction and speed of seasonal winds at 6 points on Tuban coast. Modeling direction of seasonal winds using ArcGIS software, resulting in a model proven by a survey of area of rubbish on beach in August – September 2022 that point of rubbish in first transitional season winds is towards southwest, east monsoon winds are towards southeast, second transitional season winds are towards south and west to southeast monsoon winds.
The Relationship Between Facility Layout and Pasteurization Process Consistency in Blue Swimming Crab Canning Industry
The blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is one of Indonesia's most valuable fisheries export commodities, with canned pasteurized meat as the primary product for international markets. This study investigates the relationship between production facility layout and pasteurization process consistency at PT. Sumber Mina Bahari, Rembang, Central Java. Using a mixed-method approach combining direct observation, time-motion studies, temperature monitoring, and seam integrity testing over 75 production days (October 2025–January 2026), we assessed layout efficiency metrics and pasteurization compliance against company standards for can and cup products. Results indicate that the existing product layout configuration achieves material flow efficiency of 78.5%, with total inter-station distance of 84.6 m and average travel time of 4.2 min per batch. Pasteurization compliance rates were 96.8% for cans and 94.2% for cups, with temperature deviations exceeding ±1.5°F in 3.2% of monitored batches. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation (r=0.73, p<0.01) between transfer time from seaming to pasteurization and final product temperature uniformity, confirming that facility layout directly influences pasteurization process consistency. The study provides an integrated framework for evaluating layout- process relationships in seafood canning operations.
Analysis of Wind Characteristics in Tuban Regency Waters, East Java: Implications for Small-Scale Fishery Operations
Wind is a critical meteorological parameter influencing sea conditions, fishing vessel safety, and the effectiveness of capture fisheries in coastal waters. This study analyzes wind characteristics in the waters of Tuban Regency, East Java, Indonesia, based on observational data from the BMKG Maritime Meteorological Station Perak Surabaya. Wind speed and direction data from October to December 2025 were analyzed using descriptive statistics and windrose diagrams to identify dominant wind patterns and their implications for small-scale fisheries. The results show that wind speeds generally ranged from 2 to 6 knots, with occasional increases to 10-12 knots, particularly from late November to early December. The dominant wind directions originated from the west (W), southwest (SW), and south (S) sectors, consistent with the seasonal monsoon transition. The average wind speed of 5 -6 knots is categorized as light to moderate, which is generally safe for small-scale fishing operations. However, speed fluctuations exceeding 10 knots require adaptive fishing strategies. This study provides baseline information for improving weather-based fisheries management and safety planning in the southern Java Sea region.
An Analysis of Politeness Strategies Applied by The Main Characters in The Deadpool & Wolverine Movie
This study aims to find out the kinds of politeness strategies are applied by the main characters and the possible factors affecting the main characters use certain politeness strategies in Deadpool & Wolverine movie. The subject of this study are Deadpool and Wolverine as the main characters in the movie. The researcher uses qualitative method and Atlas.ti to analyze the data. The data were collected by watching the movie and reading the script of the movie to identifying the utterances that contains polit eness strategies and classifying the utterances based on the four types of politeness strategies. The result showed there are 605 total utterances that containing politeness strategies and two main characters namely Deadpool and Wolverine, applied four types of politeness strategies, which were distributed as follows: bald on-record as the most frequently used strategy with a frequency of 237 utterances (39%), followed by off -record, 157 utterances (26%), positive politeness, 125 utterances (20%), and negative politeness, 86 utterances (14%). The strategies that were used by the two main characters were affected by three main factors, namely social distance, relative power, and rank of imposition. The result also showed that Deadpool primarily relied on off-record and relative power is the factor influence the choice of the politeness strategies. While Wolverine frequently utilized bald on-record and the factor that influence him to used certain politeness strategies is social distance.
Analysis of Usability and User Satisfaction of Tokopedia UI/UX Design Using the SUS Method
E-commerce in Indonesia has experienced a rapid transformation, surpassing the growth of previous years. E-commerce has become a significant force, allowing businesses and individuals to seamlessly exchange goods online. Among e-commerce platforms in Indonesia, Tokopedia has established itself as a market leader. This research aims to analyze the usability and user satisfaction of Tokopedia's UI/UX design using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method. The method used involves using specific questions to participants and a Likert scale to measure their responses. The results show that Tokopedia's UI/UX Design has a "GOOD" level of usability, proven by a SUS score 70. Tokopedia can improve the UI/UX to a level that fosters user enthusiasm and loyalty.
Development of a Problem-Based Learning E-Module on the Human Respiratory System to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills
The 21st-century learning paradigm demands the integration of digital resources and higher-order thinking skills, particularly critical thinking. However, preliminary observations at UPT SMPN 4 Tuban revealed that eighth-grade students exhibited low critical thinking abilities, and teachers lacked digital learning resources on the human respiratory system. This study aims to develop and validate a Problem-Based Learning (PBL)-based e-module on the human respiratory system to enhance students' critical thinking skills. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), limited to the Development stage due to time constraints. The e-module was designed using the Canva application, incorporating PBL syntax (problem orientation, student organization, investigation guidance, artifact development, and analysis/evaluation) and six critical thinking indicators. The validation instrument employed a Likert scale questionnaire assessed by three validators: two biology education lecturers and one junior high school science teacher. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The validation results demonstrated an overall average percentage of 88.37%, categorized as "valid." Specifically, the material feasibility aspect scored 88.47% (valid), the language feasibility aspect scored 89.33% (valid), and the media feasibility aspect scored 87.33% (valid). This research contributes a valid PBL-based e-module specifically designed for junior high school biology content. Further research is recommended to assess the e-module's practicality and effectiveness in actual classroom settings.
Six-Year Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Rain-Fed Agricultural Drought in a Tropical Monsoon Region: An NDDI-Based Assessment Using Sentinel-2 Imagery (2020–2025)
Rain-fed agricultural systems in tropical monsoon regions are increasingly vulnerable to recurring drought, yet high-resolution spatiotemporal assessments at the local scale remain limited. This study investigates the six-year (2020-2025) dynamics of agricultural drought in Tambakboyo District, Tuban Regency, Indonesia a representative rain-fed farming area using the Normalized Difference Drought Index (NDDI) derived from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery (10-20 m resolution). We processed 24 cloud-free images (September-December annually) to calculate NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), which were integrated into NDDI. Results reveal a highly consistent seasonal pattern: drought intensifies from September, peaks in October-November, and declines in December with monsoon onset. The year 2022 exhibited the most extreme drought, with 68.5% of the district area (approx. 5,989 ha) classified as severe to very severe drought in October. Spatial analysis identified three persistent vulnerability hotspots-Kenanti, Gadon, and Plajan villages-where NDDI values consistently exceeded 0.28. Validation against reported crop failure (puso) data showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.97, p < 0.01), with the 2022 peak drought coinciding with 1,847 ha of crop failure. Our findings demonstrate that NDDI effectively captures both the gradual onset and recovery phases of agricultural drought at sub-district scale.
Enhancing Biology Learning Outcomes Through The Talking Stick Model Assisted by Choose Number Media: A Classroom Action Research
This study investigates the effectiveness of the Talking Stick learning model assisted by Choose Number media in improving student learning outcomes, activities, and responses in biology education on ecosystem topics. A Classroom Action Research (CAR) design was employed across three cycles at SMPN 2 Soko, Tuban, Indonesia, involving 34 seventh-grade students. Data collection instruments included student and teacher activity observation sheets, learning outcome tests, and student response questionnaires. Da ta were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. Results demonstrated progressive improvements across cycles. Student activity scores increased from 2.25 (Cycle I) to 2.8 (Cycle II) and 3.4 (Cycle III) on a 4 - point scale. Teacher activity scores improved from 2.1 to 2.65 and 3.2, respectively. Classical learning mastery increased significantly from 64.71% (Cycle I) to 88.23% (Cycle II) and reached 94.12% (Cycle III). Student response questionnaires indicated 89.7% positive responses. The findings suggest that the Talking Stick model with Choose Number media effectively promotes student active participation, improves teacher performance, and increases learning mastery. This research contributes empirical evidence supporting the integration of cooperative learning models with game-based media to enhance biology learning outcomes.
Behavioral Response and Optimal Water Debit Requirement of Jatimbulan Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fry at Prijetan Reservoir, Indonesia
Water debit fluctuation is a critical environmental factor in aquaculture, yet quantitative studies on optimal flow rates for Jatimbulan Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry remain limited. This study aimed to determine the optimal water debit for growth and survival of Jatimbulan fry and quantify behavioral responses under different debit treatments. A completely randomized design (CRD) with four debit treatments (Q1=10 L/s, Q2=15 L/s, Q3=20 L/s, Q4=25 L/s) and three replications was conducted over 60 days at the Fish Seed Center Kedungpring, Lamongan, which receives water from Prijetan Reservoir. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD (α=0.05). The Q3 treatment (20 L/s) produced the highest SGR (4.21±0.15 %/day) and SR (96.3±2.1%), significantly different from Q1 and Q4 (p<0.05). Behavioral analysis showed that fry exhibited strong positive rheotaxis (85.3±4.2%) only at Q3; at Q4 (25 L/s), 68% of fish moved to stagnant zones indicating avoidance behavior. A quadratic regression model (R²=0.94) predicted the optimal debit at 19.8 L/s. This study concludes that the optimal water debit for Jatimbulan fry rearing is 20 L/s, and deviations above or below this threshold significantly reduce growth and induce maladaptive stress behaviors.
Predicting Agricultural Drought Vulnerability: A Machine Learning Approach Using Sentinel-2 NDDI Time Series in Rainfed Agroecosystems, East Java (2020–2025)
Rainfed agricultural systems in tropical monsoon regions face increasing drought risks under climate variability. This study develops a predictive framework for agricultural drought vulnerability using Sentinel-2 derived Normalized Difference Drought Index (NDDI) time series (2020–2025) integrated with machine learning algorithms in Jatirogo Subdistrict, East Java. Unlike previous mapping-focused studies, this research applies Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models to forecast drought severity classes one month ahead based on historical NDDI patterns, land use, and soil parameters. Results demonstrate that the RF model achieves superior predictive performance (accuracy = 87.3%, Kappa = 0.81) compared to SVM (accuracy = 79.6%, Kappa = 0.72 ), with the most important predictors being NDDI values from the preceding two months (importance score = 0.34) and land use type (importance score = 0.28). Forecasts for the 2025 dry season accurately predicted severe drought conditions in Kebonharjo and Sugihan villages with 89% spatial agreement. The study identifies a critical threshold: when August NDDI exceeds 0.45, the probability of severe drought in September–October reaches 0.82. The proposed predictive framework provides operational lead time for adaptive planting schedules, water resource allocation, and early warning systems, offering a replicable methodology for drought -prone rainfed agricultural regions across Southeast Asia .
IPS Teachers Readiness for Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Instruction in Rural Schools: A Multisite I-TPACK Analysis in Tuban Regency
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into Social Studies (IPS) learning in rural schools faces unmapped structural challenges, particularly through an Intelligent-TPACK (I-TPACK) lens. This study analyzes IPS teachers' readiness to integrate AI as a learning medium in rural schools of Tuban Regency using an I-TPACK framework incorporating AI ethics dimensions. A qualitative multi-site case study design was applied across three state junior high schools. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews (n=9 IPS teachers, 3 principals, 6 students), classroom observations (18 sessions), and document analysis. Findings show strong competency in Content Knowledge (CK) and Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) domains, but critical gaps in Intelligent-Technological Knowledge (I-TK) and cross-domain integration. The central finding is the belief-practice gap phenomenon, exacerbated by three inhibitor clusters: inadequate digital infrastructure, restrictive institutional policies, and low AI-related self-efficacy. This study contributes a contextualized I-TPACK model for Indonesian rural schools and evidence-based policy recommendations.
The Effect of Majapahit Leaf Powder (Crescentia cujete L.) on the Immune Response and Survival Rate of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila is a major bacterial disease in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) aquaculture, leading to significant economic losses. This study investigated the immunostimulatory effects of majapahit leaf (Crescentia cujete L.) powder on the survival rate and phagocytic activity of infected fish. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed with four treatments and three replications: A (7.5% leaf powder), B (10%), C (12.5%), and O (0% as control). A total of 120 fish (average weight 15±2 g) were acclimatized for 7 days before being infected intraperitoneally with A. hydrophila at a lethal dose of 10⁷ CFU/mL. Herbal supplementation was administered via feed for 14 days post-infection. Data on surviva l rate (SR) and phagocytosis index were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 95% and 99% confidence levels. The results showed that treatment C (12.5%) yielded the highest survival rate (83.33%) and phagocytosis index, which was significantly different (p<0.05) from treatments A and B. The study concludes that C. cujete leaf powder at a dose of 12.5% in feed effectively enhances the non - specific immune response and survival of O. niloticus against A. hydrophila infection.
How Salt Production Trends Correlate with the Blue Economy Transformation: A Case Study on the Sustainability of Smallholder Salt Businesses in Tuban Regency
Tuban Regency, East Java, is one of the main producers of community salt with highly suitable land potential. However, smallholder salt businesses in Tuban still face various challenges, including dependence on primary products, low productivity, environmental impacts from bittern waste, and vulnerability to price fluctuations and climate change. This study aims to formulate a sustainability strategy for smallholder salt businesses using an integrative Flourishing Business Canvas and SWOT analysis approach. The Flourishing Business Canvas analysis identified internal and external factors from economic, social, and environmental aspects. SWOT and IFAS-EFAS matrix analysis positioned the Strength-Opportunity (SO) strategy as the main priority. The study's results indicate that the local salt industry has high production potential but faces challenges from an inefficient traditional production system, environmental impacts from bittern waste, and reliance on primary products. Through the analysis of internal and external factors, a priority strategy (SO Strategy) was formulated to leverage strengths in capturing opportunities, which includes developing a cooperative-based downstream industry cluster, adopting appropriate technology, and economic empowerm ent through building a sustainable premium salt brand. The implementation of this strategy is expected to transform the salt business model into a high - value-added, resilient, and sustainable production system.
The Effect of Different Steaming Duration on Water Content of Golden Goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus) Nugget
This study aimed to determine the effect of different steaming durations (20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes) on the water content of golden goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus) nugget. The research employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and six replications. Water content was analyzed using one- way ANOVA followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The results showed that steaming duration significantly affected the water content (F = 23.64; p < 0.01). The lowest water content (57% ) was achieved at 50 minutes of steaming, while the highest (65%) was at 20 minutes. Longer steaming times reduced water content and extended shelf life up to 3 days. These findings indicate that steaming duration is a critical factor in producing nuggets with lower water content and better durability, supporting quality control in fish-based processed products.
Digital Discourse Forensics: The Configuration of Hate Speech in The Instagram Interaction Space of Bobby Nasution’s Account
This research describes the forms of hate speech in the comment section of the Instagram account @bobbynst and analyzes its legal implications through a forensic linguistic perspective. The phenomenon of the online disinhibition effect is considered to trigger the abuse of freedom of speech into massive verbal attacks that damage public space ethics. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through systematic screenshot documentation and analyzed using the identity method with orthographic identity techniques. The research results reveal an escalation of aggressive language in three main typologies: the use of taboo words, the spread of slander, and professional insults. Peyorative insults such as "TOLOL" and "babi" were found as instruments of dehumanization, as well as narratives of corruption allegations without evidence as a strategy for delegitimizing power. Forensically, these utterances indicate a malicious intent (mens rea) to carry out character assassination. These findings confirm that such communication patterns have strong potential to fulfill the criminal elements of defamation, insults, and provocation as regulated in the ITE Law. The study concludes that strengthening digital literacy and law enforcement based on objective linguistic evidence is crucial to maintaining the integrity and harmonization of communication on social media.
Early Childhood Teachers’ Perceptions of AI-Assisted English Language Teaching at RA YKU 02
This study investigates early childhood teachers’ perceptions of AI-assisted English language teaching at RA YKU 02, focusing on the importance of early instruction, effective strategies, and implementation challenges. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive research design, data were collected from four teachers through closed-ended Likert-scale questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The findings reveal that teachers hold positive perceptions toward AI-assisted English teaching, including the integration of digital and AI-supported media, with 4 out of 4 participants agreeing that English proficiency enhances readiness for higher education. Total Physical Response (TPR) was identified by 4 out of 4 teachers as the most suitable strategy, while 3 out of 4 teachers emphasized the effectiveness of songs, games, visual media, and AI-supported tools. However, significant hurdles were identified, as 4 out of 4 participants reported limited instructional time, inadequate media, and limited access to AI-based resources as major obstacles, alongside a fear of mispronunciation among non-specialist teachers. To address these gaps, teachers demonstrate agency by utilizing digital and AI-supported resources such as YouTube and Digital TV. This research underscores the need for continuous, context-sensitive professional development, particularly in integrating AI and digital tools, to ensure effective English instruction in religious-based early childhood settings. Keywords: English for Young Learners, Teacher Perceptions, Raudhatul Athfal, Instructional Strategies, Challenges
EFL Student Experiences with ELSA Speaking Application to Learn Pronunciation
This study investigates the experiences of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students using the ELSA Speak application to enhance their pronunciation skills. Employing a qualitative research design, data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with 14 second-semester students from the English Education program at Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe. The findings reveal that the ELSA Speak application is an effective tool for improving pronunciation, with approximately 80% of respondents expressing satisfaction and enjoyment in using the app. Students reported significant increases in confidence, rating their pronunciation progress between 8 and 9.5 out of 10. The application's interactive features and instant feedback were highlighted as key factors contributing to its effectiveness. However, challenges such as difficulties in voice detection and minor technical issues were noted, indicating limitations in automatic speech recognition technology. Overall, the study confirms the positive impact of the ELSA Speak application on EFL students' pronunciation skills and emphasizes its potential as a valuable resource in language education. Future research is recommended to explore the application’s effectiveness across different educational levels and its integration into formal curricula.
Integrating Lesson Study and Talking Stick Model for Enhancing Student Activity and Conceptual Understanding of Inverse Functions: Implications for AI-Supported Higher Mathematics Education
This paper reports on an effort to improve student learning in a tertiary mathematics course by combining two approaches: Lesson Study (LS) and the Talking Stick (TS) model. The focus was inverse functions, a topic where students at UNIROW Tuban consistently struggled — pre-study data showed 63% low participation and 68% misconception rates around domain and codomain. We used a Collaborative Action Research (CAR) design with two plan-do-see cycles and 30 third-semester students. Data came from observation, activity questionnaires, and pre/post-tests, analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results were encouraging. Participation climbed from 63% to 86%. Conceptual understanding scores rose from 68.3 to 84.7, a statistically significant gain (t(29) = 11.45, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.35, N-Gain = 0.74). Domain/codomain errors dropped sharply, from 68% to just 12%. A strong correlation between participation and learning gains (r = 0.82) suggested the two were genuinely connected. We also discuss how the habits of reasoning developed through TS may prepare students to engage more critically with AI-assisted mathematical tools. The LS-TS combination worked here as a two-level model — improving teaching through reflection and improving learning through structured accountability. While AI tools were not directly implemented in this study, the findings highlight foundational cognitive practices — verbal reasoning, self-monitoring, and conceptual accountability — that are necessary for effective and critical engagement with AI-supported mathematical systems